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Organic Chemistry
The discipline of chemistry related to life

Carbon Skeleton
Connected Carbons that form a chain or ring by covalent bonds.

Hydrocarbon
Carbon skeletons bonded only to hydrogen atoms.

Methane
CH4

Structural Formula
This kind of mapping chemicals.

Functional Groups
Hydroxyl, Amino, Carbonyl,and Carboxyl.

Hydroxyl
OH

Carbonyl
O=C

Amino Acid
H-N-H

Carbonyl
O=C-OH

Macromolecule
Protiens, Nucleic Acids, and Polysaccharides, for example.

Monomer
The building blocks of Polymers

Polymer
Many monomers bonded together into a long chain.

Dehydration Synthesis
The subtraction of water from a monomer and polymer to bind the two into a longer polymer.

Hydrolysis
The addition of water to a polymer to break it apart into monomers.

Name the biological molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protiens, Nucleic Acids.

Carbohydrates
All sugars

Name the Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose

Isomers
Organic compounds with the same chemical formulas, but different chemical structures.

Name the Disaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, (also Trehalose and Cellobiose)

Name the Polysaccharides
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin

Glucose
C6H12O6 -- Monosaccharide -- Chain of Carbon

Fructose
C6H12O6 -- Monosaccharide -- Ring of Carbon

Maltose
C12H22O11 -- Disaccharide -- 2 Fructose

Lactose
C12H22O11 -- Disaccharide -- 1 Galactose + 1 Glucose

Galactose
C6H12O6 -- Monosaccharide -- Chain of Carbon

Enzyme
Protiens that accelerate Chemical Reactions

Starch
Complex, plant-created polymer carbohydrate made mainly of glucose.

Cellulose
C6H10O5. Primary structural component of plant cells.

Glycogen
A polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose in animal cells.

Hydrophilic
Polar molecules that are soluble in water.

Hydrophobic
Nonpolar molecules that do not dissolve in water.

 

 
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